A.
Henry Ford
Automobile manufacturer Henry Ford who was the first of eight children of William and Mary Ford was born July 30, 1863 on the family farm near Dearborn, Michigan. Ford was helping his father with the harvest. In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. His promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893 gave him enough time and money to establish his company. These experiments showed in 1896 with the finalizing of his own self-propelled vehicle-the Quadricycle. The Quadricycle had four wire wheels. Although Ford was not the first to build a self-propelled vehicle with a gasoli
ne engine, he was, however, one of several automotive pioneers who helped this country become a nation of motorists. After two unsuccessful attempts to establish a company to produce automobiles, he formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903 as vice-president and chief engineer. In 1908, he introduced the Model T, which dominated the industry for a decade. This vehicle initiated a new time in personal transportation and shorthly became huge succes. Because of wanting the Model T, the company opened a large factory at Highland Park, Michigan, in 1910. Here, Henry Ford combined a
ccuracy manufacturing, standardized and interchangeable parts, a division of labor, and, in 1913, a continuous moving assembly line. Ford's production of Model Ts made his company the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. Aerial view of the Rouge Plant in 1930:
Number of men on payroll at capacity: 81,000.
Total floor space: 6,952,484 sq. ft. Total cost: $268, 991, 592.07. Dearborn, MI. Photo: P.833.55282.A The company became construction of the world's largest company along the banks of the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan, during the late 1910s and early 1920s. This company included all the elements needed for automobile production: a steel mill, glass factory, and automobile assembly line.
Sources:http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blford.htm
http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/bios/24.html
http://www.willamette.edu/~fthompso/MgmtCon/Henry_Ford.html
ne engine, he was, however, one of several automotive pioneers who helped this country become a nation of motorists. After two unsuccessful attempts to establish a company to produce automobiles, he formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903 as vice-president and chief engineer. In 1908, he introduced the Model T, which dominated the industry for a decade. This vehicle initiated a new time in personal transportation and shorthly became huge succes. Because of wanting the Model T, the company opened a large factory at Highland Park, Michigan, in 1910. Here, Henry Ford combined a
ccuracy manufacturing, standardized and interchangeable parts, a division of labor, and, in 1913, a continuous moving assembly line. Ford's production of Model Ts made his company the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. Aerial view of the Rouge Plant in 1930:Number of men on payroll at capacity: 81,000.
Total floor space: 6,952,484 sq. ft. Total cost: $268, 991, 592.07. Dearborn, MI. Photo: P.833.55282.A The company became construction of the world's largest company along the banks of the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan, during the late 1910s and early 1920s. This company included all the elements needed for automobile production: a steel mill, glass factory, and automobile assembly line.
Sources:http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blford.htm
http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/bios/24.html
http://www.willamette.edu/~fthompso/MgmtCon/Henry_Ford.html
Frank Bunker GILBRETH- Lillian Moller GILBRETH (GILBRETHS)
The Gilbreths are American industrial engeneer. They developed the method of time-and-motion study which is analysis of the time spent in going through the different motions of a job or series of jobs. Frank Gilbreth was concerned with the relationship between human beings and human effort until his death in 1924. He developed many improvements in brick-laying. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth pioneered in the use of motion pictures for studying work and workers. After Frank Gilbreth's death, Dr. Lillian Gilbreth continued the work and extended her work into the home to find the "One Best Way" to p
resent household tasks and she developed continuous quality improvement (CQI) which is the meta process for most management systems. She is identified as one of the world's great industrial and management engineers and she has worked in many countries of the world. In 1907, Frank met Frederick Winslow Taylor and became an admirer of the Taylor System of time study and Frank created useful the Taylor Society. In 1912, the Gilbreths left this process and focused their attention on scientific management consulting. They broke with Taylor in 1914 and created their own scientific management, which focused on the human element as well as the technical. Sources:http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036817/Frank-Bunker-Gilbrethhttp://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9442362/Lillian-Evelyn-Gilbreth
http://www.lib.purdue.edu/spcol/manuscripts/fblg/
http://gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com/bio.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bunker_Gilbreth
Frederick W. TAYLOR
Frederick Winslow Taylor who produced scientific management in business is American industrial engineer. He was born in Germantown (now part of Philadelphia), Pennsylvania. Taylor first learned to use time as a management tool while attending Philips Exeter Academy. Taylor passed the entrance examination to Harvard College but did not register. After he completed an engineering degree at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. In 1878, he started working at the Midvale Steel Company. He became foreman of the steel plant. Taylor developed detailed systems in order to obtain maximum productivity from both workers and machines in the company. He thought in finding the right jobs for workers, and then paying them well for the increased output. These systems trusted in time and motion studies. In 1890, Taylor became general manager of the Manufacturing Investment Company and created the new branch of management consultant. In 1898 while at Bethlehem, he became discoverer of the Taylor-White process, which is a method of tempering steel. His management methods were published in The Principles of Scientific Management.
The Science of Work
Frederick Winslow Taylor planned a system in order to create the efficient work enviroment. While industrial revolution-era innovators advanced quality control in the workplace, Taylor formalized these principles and promoted them to eager industrial managers to increase performance.
Scientific Publication
Taylor retired at age 45 but still he dedicated time and money to promote his principles of scientific management. In 1906, Taylor was elected president of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. In 1909 he published his work which he is famous for, The Principles of Scientific Management. Considering himself a reformer, Taylor suggested seriously the ideals and principles of his system of management until his death from influenza in 1915. Today his system of industrial management continues to influence the development of modern industry around the world.
Sources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
http://www.blurtit.com/q137166.html
Henry FAYOL
Henry Fayol was French pioneer of management theory. Fayol who managing director of a mining and metallurgical company in France was studied and developed his theory in such a way that the business procedures. His theory published in a titled General and Industrial Management (1916). This little book includes the first theory of general management and statement of management principles. He suggested that managerial activity should include five primary functions of management: forecasting and planning; organizing; commanding; coordinating; and controlling. Fayol thought that management is a universal human activity and thought that it is important to have unity of command. Although his ideas have become a universal part of the modern management concepts, some writers compare him with Frederick Winslow Taylor. Fayol developed a list of basic management principles for achieving a good organization. Some of these principles are division of work, discipline, unity of direction, remuneration of employees, scalar chain, equity, initiative, authority and responsibility, unity of command, subordination of individual interest to general interest, centralization, order, stability of personnel, esprit de corps. Although there are various elements in Fayol's theroy, the best importants of elements are logic, rationality, and consistency. Sources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol http://www.biz.colostate.edu/faculty/dennism/Management-Evolution.html http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_762505611/fayol_henri.html
Max WEBER
Max Weber is known as one of the leading scholars and founders of modern sociology. Moreover, Weber accomplished much economic work in the style of the "youngest" German Historical School. Max Weber Studies seeks fundamental issues in the social and historical sciences: the dilemmas of life-conduct and vocation in the contemporary world, the tracking of rationalization processes and their impact, disenchantment and the return of magic, the 'uniqueness of the West' and multiple modernities, the analysis of the stratification of power and its modalities, and the validity of an interpretative science of social reality. Weber was known his study, Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904–1905), which was originally published as two articles in a scholarly journal. In this study he demonstrated why northern European Protestant behavior was more helpful than were southern European Catholic beliefs and practices. However, he also contributed fundamental works to the sociology of law, the sociology of music, the sociology of the economy, the philosophy of social science method, the comparative sociology of religion, social stratification, the sociology of bureaucracy, and of power and charisma, and so on. His major work is Economy and Society (1922). Weber's thoughts about science and ethics are summarized in two famous lectures "Science as a Vocation" (November 1917) and "Politics as a Vocation" (January 1919). Weber drew on Friedrich Nietzsche, Leo Tolstoy, the Sermon on the Mount, Charles-Pierre Baudelaire, Immanuel Kant, and his young friend, Georg Lukács (1885–1971). In the lecture of "Politics as a Vocation," Weber explained one of his most famous distinctions, between an ethic of ultimate ends and an ethic of responsibility. As Weber explained in one of his most famous and controversial paragraphs: We must be clear about one of two fundamentally differing and irreconcilably opposed maxims: conduct can be oriented to an "ethic of ultimate ends" or to an "ethic of responsibility." There is an terrible contract between conduct that follows the maxim of an ethic of ultimate ends—that, is in religious terms, "the Christian does rightly and leaves the results with the Lord"—and conduct that follows the maxim of an ethic of responsibility, in which case one has to give an account of the foreseeable results of one's action.
Sources: http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/weber.htm
http://www.bookrags.com/research/weber-max-este-0001_0004_0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber
http://www.criticism.com/md/weber1.html
Abraham MASLOW
Abraham Harold Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist. He studied a "hierarchy of human needs", and is considered the father of humanistic psychology. Maslow's primary contribution to psychology is his Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow claimed that humans have a number of needs that are instinctoid, that is, innate. These needs are classified as "conative needs," "cognitive needs," and "aesthetic needs." "Neurotic needs" are included in Maslow's theory but do not exist within the hierarchy. Maslow assumed that needs are arranged in a hierarchy in terms of their power. The lower the need is in the pyramid, the more powerful it is. The higher the need is in the pyramid, the weaker and more distinctly human it is. The first four layers of the pyramid are what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "D-needs:" Needs beyond the D-needs are "growth needs," "being values," or "B-needs." The base of the pyramid is the physiological needs, including the biological requirements for food, water, air, and sleep. The second level included the needs for structure, order, security, and predictability . The third level which is the need for love and belonging included the needs for friends and companions, a supportive family, identification with a group, and an intimate relationship. The fourth level is the esteem needs. This group of needs requires feelings of prestige, acceptance, and status, and self-esteem that results in feelings of adequacy, competence, and confidence. Finally, self-actualization sits at the apex of the original pyramid. Maslow's theory of human needs draws strongly on the pioneering work of Henry Murray (1938).
Sources:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhmasl.html
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow
B.
I would prefer to be Frank Bunker Gilbreth because he and his wife developed the method of time-and-motion which is analysis of the time spent in going through the different motions of a job or series of jobs. Therefore, we use time efficiently. Moreover, he advanced his career quickly.
2)
A.
Engineering cames from the earliest times when humans began to make clever inventions, such as the pulley, lever, or wheel, etc. The word "engine", derives from the Latin ingenium, meaning "innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention." Therefore an engineer is essentially someone who makes useful or practical inventions. Meaning of engineer is "a constructor of military engines" in 1325. Engineering was originally divided into military engineering which included construction of fortifications as well as military engines, and civil engineering, involved in non-military projects, such as bridge construction.
B.
A profession is a learning to advanced knowledge, understanding and abilities gained from intensive and specialized education, training and practical experience. The engineering profession is defined to be self-regulating.
C.
Engineers are problem solvers. They are concerned with solving problems by using technology materials. While they are doing this, they rely on their creativity and academic skills and they use mathematics, science, and computers to model real life situations.
D.
Chemical engineers: Develop processes and products made with chemicals perhaps in the food, petroleum, or pharmaceutical industries.
Civil engineers: Design roads, buildings, transportation systems, and other large-scale construction projects.
Electrical and computer engineers: Design, construct, and maintain electronic systems, which may include working with computer chips, circuits and electronic communications.
Geological engineers: Solves earth related technical problems while at the same time protecting the environment.
Industrial engineers: Plan and design industrial and business facilities for the best product quality and employee working conditions.
Mechanical engineers: Create machines and may work on transportation systems, power production or performance analysis.
Materials engineers: Study metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites to design materials for applications that may involve transportation, communication or power production.
Other engineering disciplines apply skills to very specific areas. However, industrial engineering design processes and systems that improve quality and productivity by using knowledge of engineering, mathematics, business administration, and management. Moreover Industrial Engineers work and consult in every industry, including hospitals, communications, e-commerce, entertainment, finance, food, insurance, banking, travel, and transportation.
EMİR KÖPRÜLÜ
ID:1556687
e efficient in terms of time.
